Computer Architecture

Addressing Mode : The addressing mode specifies the rule for interpreting and modifying the address field of the instruction before the operand is actually referenced. Computer use the addressing mode techniques for the purpose of accommodating one or both of the following provisions: To give the programming versatility to the user by providing such facilities as pointer to memory, 

Cache Memory  is a special very high-speed memory. It is used to speed up and synchronizing with high-speed CPU. Cache memory is costlier than main memory or disk memory but economical than CPU registers. Cache memory is an extremely fast memory type that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU. It holds frequently requested data and instructions so that they are immediately available to the CPU when needed. Cache memory is used to reduce the average time to access data from the Main memory. The cache is a smaller and faster memory which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations. There are various different independent caches in a CPU, which store instructions and data.

2009 The instruction LOAD A is a a) zero address instruction      b) one address instruction c) two address instruction         d) three address instruction. The purpose of cache memory in a computer is to a) ensure fast booting            b) reduce load on CPU registers c) replace static memory      d) speed up memory access. Object code is a) input to assembler      b) output of assembler c) intermediate code       d) none of these. Which of the following is not an advantage of Dynamic RAMs ? a) High density      b) Low cost c) High speed        d) No need of memory refresh. DMA module can communicate with CPU through a) interrupt                     b) cycle stealing c) branch instruction      d) none of these. The number of fetch operation(s) to execute instruction in imm...

    1 0 1 0 1 0   1 MSB             LSB MLA

https://home.adelphi.edu/~siegfried/cs371/371l10.pdf https://www.pvpsiddhartha.ac.in/dep_it/lecture%20notes/COA/CSA%20UNIT%202.pdf prefix stack calculator addressing mode

2010 What are 16-bit registers available in 8085 Microprocessor ? - two 16-bit registers: stack pointer and the program counter. What are the elements of machine instruction? - All Operation code, Source operand reference, Result operand reference, and Next instruction reference are typical elements of machine instructions. What is the difference between primary and secondary storage devices ? Sr.No. Primary memory Secondary memory 1. Primary memory is temporary. Secondary memory is permanent. 2. Primary memory is directly accessible by Processor/CPU. Secondary memory is not directly accessible by the CPU. 3. Nature of Parts of Primary memory varies, RAM- volatile in nature. ROM- Non-volatile. It’s always Non-volatile in nature. 4. Primary memory devices are more expensive than secondary storage devices. Secondary memory devices are less expensive when compared to primary memory devices. 5. The memory devices used for primary memory are semiconductor memories. The secondary memory devi...